Open Travel Guide
History of Bitlis

Bitlis History & Heritage Guide 2026

A historical companion to Bitlis — what happened, where to stand, and what survives.

Bitlis is an ancient mountain city in eastern Turkey, perched at 1,550 metres elevation in a dramatic valley carved by the Bitlis Stream. One of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in Anatolia, it commands history layered from Urartian times through Armenian, Arab, Seljuk, Kurdish emirate, Ottoman, and modern eras. The city is flanked by rugged peaks exceeding 3,000 metres and sits roughly 75 km west of Lake Van, offering visitors a blend of medieval fortresses, honey-scented bazaars, Seljuk-era stone mosques, and raw highland landscapes largely undiscovered by mass tourism.

Historical sites

Places where Bitlis's past comes alive.

Byzantine/Seljuk/Ottoman

Bitlis Castle

11th–15th century Seljuk

Ahlat Seljuk Cemetery

Urartian (9th–7th century BC)

Adilcevaz Citadel

15th century Bitlis Emirate

Ihlasiye Madrasa

16th century Ottoman

Şerefiye Mosque

Artukid/12th–13th century

Ulu Cami Bitlis