Bethlehem

Bethlehem lies about 10 km south of Jerusalem in the West Bank and is revered as the traditional birthplace of Jesus. The journey takes roughly 45 to 90 minutes including the security checkpoint. Arab bus 21 departs from East Jerusalem near Damascus Gate to Checkpoint 300 for about 8 to 10 ILS, after which visitors walk or take a taxi to Manger Square; a taxi from Jerusalem costs about 100 to 180 ILS. Travellers should carry a passport and check current government travel advisories before going, as the security situation can change. Many Israeli rental cars are not permitted to enter Area A of the West Bank. The focal point is Manger Square, home to the Church of the Nativity, one of the oldest continuously used churches in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Visitors queue to descend into the Grotto of the Nativity, marked by a silver star. Next door stand the Franciscan Church of St Catherine, and a short walk away is the Milk Grotto Church. The market streets near the square sell olive wood carvings, embroidery and local food. The separation wall on the city's edge carries street art, including works associated with Banksy, which many visitors include in their visit. A suggested day begins with a morning arrival to beat the queues at the church, followed by lunch in or near Manger Square, with falafel, shawarma and Palestinian dishes typically costing 50 to 90 ILS, and an afternoon browsing the market or visiting the wall art. Visitors should return to Jerusalem before dark. The best seasons are March to May and September to November, when temperatures are mild; the Christmas period is very busy. Church entry is free, though donations are welcomed. Dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees, and be prepared for checkpoint waits that can lengthen on holidays. Many travellers choose a licensed local guide or a tour from Jerusalem to ease the crossing and add historical context.