Open Travel Guide
History of Nanjing

Nanjing History & Heritage Guide 2026

Explore the rich history, historical sites, and museums of Nanjing.

The short answer: start with Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and Nanjing City Wall at Zhonghua Gate. This guide profiles 11+ historical sites in Nanjing, with prices, timing, and the practical notes that decide whether each one earns a place in your plan.

Nanjing travel guide - where to stay, what to do, and where to eat in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Historical timeline

Key moments that shaped Nanjing.

  1. 1

    Nanjing Man (Homo erectus) lives in the Tangshan Huludong Cave in Jiangning District

    c. 350,000 BC
  2. 2

    King Goujian of Yue builds the Yuecheng fortress near today's Zhonghua Gate, the earliest recorded city on the site

    472 BC
  3. 3

    King Wei of Chu builds a fort on Stone City Hill and names the area Jinling

    333 BC
  4. 4

    Sun Quan of Eastern Wu moves his capital to Jianye, beginning Nanjing's role as a capital

    229 AD
  5. 5

    Eastern Jin and the Southern Dynasties (Song, Qi, Liang, Chen) rule from Jiankang, then a leading Buddhist and cultural center

    317-589
  6. 6

    Li Bian founds the Southern Tang kingdom with Jinling as its capital

    937
  7. 7

    Zhu Yuanzhang proclaims the Ming dynasty in Nanjing; the city wall is built 1366-1393

    1368
  8. 8

    Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum built for the Hongwu Emperor

    1381-1405
  9. 9

    Admiral Zheng He sails treasure voyages from Nanjing's Longjiang shipyard

    1405-1433
  10. 10

    Ming capital formally moves to Beijing; Nanjing stays the secondary capital

    1421
  11. 11

    Treaty of Nanking, ending the First Opium War, is signed aboard HMS Cornwallis at Nanjing

    1842
  12. 12

    Taiping Heavenly Kingdom makes Nanjing its capital, Tianjing, until the city falls in July 1864

    1853-1864
  13. 13

    Sun Yat-sen is sworn in as provisional president of the Republic of China in Nanjing

    1 January 1912
  14. 14

    Nationalist government makes Nanjing its capital; Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum completed in 1929

    1927-1937
  15. 15

    Japanese forces capture Nanjing, and the Nanjing Massacre follows over about six weeks

    December 1937
  16. 16

    People's Liberation Army enters Nanjing, ending Nationalist rule of the city

    23 April 1949
  17. 17

    Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge opens as the first bridge designed and built by China across the lower Yangtze

    29 December 1968
  18. 18

    Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List

    2003
  19. 19

    Nanjing hosts the Youth Olympic Games; 13 December is designated National Memorial Day for Nanjing Massacre Victims

    2014

Historical sites

Places where Nanjing's past comes alive.

Republic of China (1912-1949)

Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum

Where: Xuanwu District, Nanjing

Admission: Free; advance real-name reservation with passport required

Ming dynasty (1368-1644)

Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum

Where: Xuanwu District, Nanjing

Admission: ¥70 (~$10.45)

Ming dynasty (1368-1644)

Nanjing City Wall at Zhonghua Gate

Where: Qinhuai District, Nanjing

Admission: ¥50 (~$7.46)

Late Qing to Republic of China (1853-1949)

Presidential Palace and China Modern History Museum

Where: Xuanwu District, Nanjing

Admission: ¥40 (~$5.97)

Prehistoric to Republic of China (multi-period collection)

Nanjing Museum

Where: Xuanwu District, Nanjing

Admission: Free with advance real-name reservation

Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)

Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders

Where: Jianye District, Nanjing

Admission: Free; passport required at entry

Song to Qing dynasties (rebuilt in the 20th c.)

Confucius Temple (Fuzimiao)

Where: Qinhuai District, Nanjing

Admission: ¥30 (~$4.48) for the temple compound; riverside streets free

Ming dynasty (1368-1644)

Zhan Garden (Zhanyuan)

Where: Qinhuai District, Nanjing

Admission: ¥30 (~$4.48)

Southern Dynasties (Liang, 502-557) with Ming rebuilding

Jiming Temple

Where: Xuanwu District, Nanjing

Admission: ¥10 (~$1.49)

Ming dynasty (1368-1644) with Republican-era memorial additions

Linggu Temple and Beamless Hall

Where: Xuanwu District, Nanjing

Admission: ¥70 (~$10.45) scenic-area ticket

Ming dynasty (1368-1644)

Ming Palace Ruins Park (Ming Gugong)

Where: Qinhuai District, Nanjing

Admission: Free