The Bibi-Khanym Mosque was commissioned by Timur after his 1398-1399 campaign in India and was built from 1398 to 1404 using craftsmen and elephants from conquered lands, according to tradition. Its aim was to be the most magnificent Friday mosque of the Islamic world, with a portal about 35 metres high and a vast courtyard.
The haste of construction and the scale of the dome meant the structure was unstable; parts began to fall in Timur's lifetime, and earthquakes in later centuries left it in ruin. The mosque was named after Timur's wife Saray Mulk Khanum. Popular legends about the architect and a kiss are told locally.
Restoration began in the 20th century and was expanded after 1991, and today the courtyard, the central gallery and several domed halls have been rebuilt, with a large marble Quran stand in the middle of the courtyard. The mosque faces Siab Bazaar and can be visited together with it.
| Admission | About 40,000-75,000 UZS (~$3.30-6.25) for foreign visitors |
|---|---|
| Hours | Daily, about 08:00-19:00 |
| Address | Bibi-Khanym Mosque, Tashkent Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan |
Why it matters
Timur's grand Friday mosque, built with spoils of his Indian campaign, once among the largest mosques in the Islamic world.
Location
Bibi-Khanym Mosque, Tashkent Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
39.6607, 66.9801 View on map
Highlights
- Portal around 35 metres high
- Marble Quran stand in the courtyard
- Built 1398-1404
- Next to Siab Bazaar
Tips for visiting
- Visit with Siab Bazaar.
- Cover shoulders and knees.
- Late afternoon light is best.
When to visit
Late afternoon.
Accessibility
Flat courtyard; uneven paving and restoration works.
Frequently asked questions
Why is it ruined?
Fast construction and earthquakes damaged the large domes.
Who was Bibi-Khanym?
Timur's wife Saray Mulk Khanum.
Is the mosque in use?
It is mainly a heritage monument.