Black Elk Peak — renamed from Harney Peak in 2016 to honor the Oglala Lakota holy man Black Elk — stands at 7,242 feet (2,207 m) as the highest summit in the Black Hills of South Dakota and the highest point east of the Rocky Mountains in the continental United States. The most popular ascent follows Trail 9 from the Sylvan Lake Trailhead in Custer State Park, covering 7 miles (11.3 km) round trip with approximately 1,100 feet (335 m) of elevation gain.
Access begins at the Sylvan Lake parking area off SD-87 inside Custer State Park. A $20 USD per vehicle park entry fee applies; this is a state park fee entirely separate from the America the Beautiful federal pass. Parking fills rapidly on summer weekends, so a start before 8 a.m. is strongly recommended. The trailhead is well-signed and Trail 9 is clearly marked throughout.
The route ascends steadily through dense ponderosa pine and spruce forest in the lower sections before transitioning to open granite terrain near the summit. The upper mile features exposed granite scrambling on wide ledges — manageable for most fit hikers but demanding in wet conditions. The summit is marked by a historic stone fire lookout tower built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s, which offers 360-degree views across the Black Hills, the South Dakota Badlands to the east, and Wyoming plains to the west on clear days.
Afternoon thunderstorms are common in the Black Hills from June through August; the exposed summit ridge becomes a serious lightning hazard. Hikers should aim to reach the summit by noon and begin descending by early afternoon. Temperatures at the summit are typically 10–15°F cooler than in the valleys, and wind speeds increase considerably near the top. A rain jacket and warm layer are essential regardless of the morning forecast.
No water sources exist on the trail; a minimum of 2 liters per person is recommended. Connecting trails such as Trail 4 allow experienced hikers to create longer loop routes back to Sylvan Lake.
Trail facts
- Trail area
- Black Hills / Custer State Park
- Best season
- June–September
What to bring
- sturdy hiking boots
- 2+ liters water
- rain jacket (afternoon storms common)
- headlamp
- snacks
Location
Sylvan Lake Trailhead, Custer, SD 57730
43.8658, -103.5317 View on map
Highlights
- Summit of Black Elk Peak at 7,242 ft (2,207 m) — the highest point east of the Rocky Mountains
- Historic 1930s CCC stone fire lookout tower at the summit with 360-degree panoramic views
- Views spanning the Black Hills, South Dakota Badlands, and Wyoming plains on clear days
- Ascent through ponderosa pine and spruce forest transitioning to open granite summit terrain
- Well-signed Trail 9 route from scenic Sylvan Lake trailhead in Custer State Park
Tips for visiting
- Start before 8 a.m. to secure a parking spot at Sylvan Lake and beat afternoon thunderstorms
- Carry at least 2 liters of water per person — the trail has no water sources
- Bring a rain jacket; afternoon thunderstorms develop rapidly above treeline in summer
- Aim to be off the exposed summit ridge by noon to avoid lightning risk
- Download an offline trail map before entering the park; cell service is limited in Custer State Park backcountry
When to visit
June through mid-September offers the most reliable hiking conditions; plan for early morning starts to avoid afternoon thunderstorms above treeline. The trail can be icy and hazardous from November through April without microspikes or crampons.
Accessibility
Black Elk Peak Trail is not wheelchair or stroller accessible. The 7-mile round trip involves sustained climbing, exposed granite scrambling on ledges, and no paved surfaces beyond the Sylvan Lake parking area.
Frequently asked questions
Why was the peak renamed from Harney Peak to Black Elk Peak?
The peak was renamed in 2016 to honor the Oglala Lakota holy man Black Elk, who described a profound vision he received atop the summit. General William Harney, the previous namesake, had led military campaigns against the Lakota people.
How difficult is Black Elk Peak compared to other Black Hills hikes?
The 7-mile round trip with 1,100 ft of gain makes it a moderate hike. The upper section involves exposed granite scrambling on broad ledges. Most fit adults complete it in 4–6 hours total including time at the summit.
Is the summit tower open to visitors?
The historic CCC fire lookout tower is generally open for exploration during the hiking season. It is not staffed, but visitors can climb the tower stairs for elevated views. The tower may be closed during high wind or lightning events.
Is a Custer State Park fee required to hike Black Elk Peak?
Yes. The Sylvan Lake trailhead is within Custer State Park, which charges a $20 USD per vehicle fee. America the Beautiful federal passes are not accepted at this state-administered park.
Can the hike be done in winter?
Winter ascents are possible but require microspikes or crampons for icy granite slabs near the summit. The park road to Sylvan Lake may not be plowed in deep winter; check current conditions with Custer State Park before attempting a winter ascent.