Cologne Cathedral

Cologne Cathedral, known in German as Kölner Dom, is a Gothic masterpiece that took over six centuries to complete — construction began in 1248 and the twin spires reached their final height of 157 metres only in 1880. For four years after completion it was the tallest structure in the world. Today it remains one of the largest Gothic churches in northern Europe and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The south tower is open to visitors who can climb 533 steps to the belfry level; the staircase is narrow and steep but the panoramic views over Cologne, the Rhine, and on clear days as far as the Eifel hills reward the effort. Inside, the nave soars 43 metres above the floor and the stained glass windows span an enormous range of periods, from medieval originals to a striking 2007 abstract window by Gerhard Richter composed of 11,500 coloured squares. The Shrine of the Three Kings, behind the high altar, is the largest reliquary in the Western world — a gilt and enamel masterpiece believed to house the remains of the biblical Magi. The Cathedral Treasury in the basement displays processional crosses, mitres, and goldsmithery spanning a thousand years. The cathedral sits directly across from the main railway station, making it impossible to miss on arrival in Cologne. Entry to the cathedral itself is free; the tower climb, treasury, and a small exhibition on the north aisle carry modest fees. Dress code is enforced: no shorts or bare shoulders.